Editorial notes

The evidence desk.

Practical essays on reading research, assessing uncertainty, and following conclusions back to their sources.

Latest editorial guides

  1. 01 · Evidence literacy

    Why an evidence hierarchy is not enough

    Study design matters, but a useful synthesis also has to preserve population, outcome, limitations, directness, and uncertainty.Read editorial guide 5 min read
  2. 02 · Research methods

    Human evidence and mechanistic plausibility are not the same

    Mechanisms can explain why a hypothesis is interesting. Human studies ask whether an outcome was actually observed in people.Read editorial guide 4 min read
  3. 03 · Editorial practice

    What an evidence cutoff tells you

    A synthesis is a dated interpretation of a changing literature. The cutoff and revision record show what the review could have included.Read editorial guide 4 min read